Sam and Riley are a married couple dwelling in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada together with their canine Bisky and two cats, Theodore and Greta. Sam works as a plasterer and Riley is a social employee at an area school. The couple, each age 36, hope to have a baby quickly and are questioning the right way to stability that new monetary duty alongside their present objectives of ending up a Masters of Social Work (Riley) and altering careers to turn out to be a sprinkler fitter (Sam).

Moreover, they purchased their first residence in June 2022 and are nonetheless settling into the realities–and bills–of residence possession. Sam wrote that they really feel like lots of issues are up within the air in the intervening time and stated, “We’ve so many concepts for ourselves however need assistance creating plans to execute them. We need to do all these items as quickly as doable to extend our incomes, pensions, and employment choices, whereas additionally having a baby quickly as we’re each already 36 and feeling the stress on that entrance too.” Be a part of me in my one hundredth Case Research as we speak as we assist Riley and Sam plan for his or her future!

A word on pronouns: Sam makes use of he/him pronouns and Riley makes use of they/them.

What’s a Reader Case Research?

Case Research tackle monetary and life dilemmas that readers of Frugalwoods ship in requesting recommendation. Then, we (that’d be me and YOU, expensive reader) learn by their state of affairs and supply recommendation, encouragement, perception and suggestions within the feedback part.

For an instance, try the final case research. Case Research are up to date by individuals (on the finish of the put up) a number of months after the Case is featured. Go to this web page for hyperlinks to all up to date Case Research.

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The Aim Of Reader Case Research

Reader Case Research spotlight a various vary of monetary conditions, ages, ethnicities, places, objectives, careers, incomes, household compositions and extra!

The Case Research collection started in 2016 and, up to now, there’ve been 99 Case Research. I’ve featured people with annual incomes starting from $17k to $200k+ and web worths starting from -$300k to $2.9M+.

I’ve featured single, married, partnered, divorced, child-filled and child-free households. I’ve featured homosexual, straight, queer, bisexual and polyamorous folks. I’ve featured ladies, non-binary people and males. I’ve featured transgender and cisgender folks. I’ve had cat folks and canine folks. I’ve featured people from the US, Australia, Canada, England, South Africa, Spain, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany and France. I’ve featured folks with PhDs and folks with highschool diplomas. I’ve featured folks of their early 20’s and folks of their late 60’s. I’ve featured people who reside on farms and people who reside in New York Metropolis.

Reader Case Research Pointers

I most likely don’t have to say the next since you all are the kindest, most well mannered commenters on the web, however please word that Frugalwoods is a judgement-free zone the place we endeavor to assist each other, not condemn.

There’s no room for rudeness right here. The aim is to create a supportive atmosphere the place all of us acknowledge we’re human, we’re flawed, however we select to be right here collectively, workshopping our cash and our lives with constructive, proactive strategies and concepts.

And a disclaimer that I’m not a educated monetary skilled and I encourage folks to not make critical monetary choices based mostly solely on what one individual on the web advises. 

I encourage everybody to do their very own analysis to find out the very best plan of action for his or her funds. I’m not a monetary advisor and I’m not your monetary advisor.

With that I’ll let Sam and Riley, as we speak’s Case Research topic, take it from right here!

Sam and Riley’s Story

Hi there, I’m Sam, I’m 36 and I reside with my partner Riley (additionally 36) in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. I used to be a chef and restaurant proprietor till 2019 after I got here to the laborious realization that I couldn’t proceed in that business any longer and made the change to turn out to be a plasterer. Plastering was meant to be an in-between job till I discovered one thing extra everlasting, however I take pleasure in what I’m doing in the interim. My long-term aim is to change to sprinkler becoming, because it’s an excellent union job with a pension and a better fee of pay.

Riley is a social employee at an area school and they’re weighing the feasibility of ending a Masters of Social Work diploma that they accomplished most of between 2015-2019, earlier than dropping out as a result of onset and analysis of systemic lupus. Riley’s had a few important well being leaves from work since then, additionally because of lupus, and has been lucky to be coated by brief and long-term incapacity insurance coverage by their employer. This has resulted in solely small decreases to general earnings (though pension contributions have been paused or decreased since they have been based mostly on employment earnings and never insurance coverage advantages earnings). Total Riley’s well being is comparatively steady now, however there are some challenges; lately they needed to take a number of weeks off because of Covid, which hit them more durable because of their immunosuppressed standing, however they appear to be making a gradual, full restoration.

Riley’s employer authorized an schooling plan by which they are going to reimburse a portion of the tutoring on completion of their MSW diploma. They’re awaiting closing approval to switch trip time to have sufficient to make use of as a substitute of taking unpaid depart throughout college, so Riley’s earnings ought to keep on the similar stage.

Sam and Riley’s Hobbies

Riley enjoys cross-country snowboarding and we each love driving our bikes and gardening. We attempt to get out tenting after we can in the summertime and luxuriate in seeing reside music from time to time. We maintain our nephew, who simply turned 5, each weekend. We’ve a canine named Bisky, who’s a Shepherd/Husky rescue canine from up North. He’s a handful however retains issues energetic round the home. He’ll be 3 this summer time. We even have two cats, Theodore and Greta. They’re nice singers and like to cuddle. They’re getting older, at ages 14 and 12.

The Marriage ceremony and The Home

Riley and I married in September 2021, in a considerably spur-of-the-moment choice to undergo with a small ceremony, as we had a window of lifted pandemic restrictions and fewer transmission. We gathered a number of of our closest family and friends in a park close to a river and had a beautiful (and reasonably priced) wedding ceremony.

We purchased our home in June 2022 and are head over heels for it. It has nice character, a lot of unique wooden, and an enormous yard with lots of backyard beds. We will’t wait to boost a baby collectively in our residence and hope to have a child quickly. We like having associates over for informal get-togethers on the weekend– brunch, bbq, bonfires, and so on.–and it means quite a bit to us that our house is so conducive to internet hosting.

What feels most urgent proper now? What brings you to submit a Case Research?

Proper now there are such a lot of issues up within the air that we really feel a bit twisted up and don’t know precisely the correct order by which to do issues.

Riley writes: In 2022 we made a bigger mixed earnings than ever earlier than, and count on to make extra in 2023. We’re coming from intervals of going out and in of debt as we struggled to handle bills on decrease incomes. Luckily, the debt by no means grew to become unmanageable and we have been in a position to make the most of low-interest stability transfers to pay it off rapidly. We managed to begin saving starting in 2020-2021 when Sam shifted to plastering work and I elevated from 4 to five days every week of labor.

That helped us with the down cost and prices to purchase our residence, however we nonetheless mainly worn out our financial savings shopping for the home and went briefly into debt from transferring bills. Not the neatest transfer, however thankfully we have now rapidly paid off these money owed and are slowly rebuilding our financial savings once more. Our automobile was totaled this fall, and it turned out to be a monetary alternative for us as we have been in a position to take the insurance coverage cash from the automobile, repay our automobile mortgage, and purchase a decrease value automobile we may afford outright, whereas nonetheless having some cash leftover.

I believe that was a major shift in our pondering as we made the tough option to downgrade our automobile for the sake of not having a automobile cost any extra.

It’s saving us a number of hundred {dollars} a month. We wish to look forward now that we’ve reached the massive milestone of shopping for a home, and set some greater saving, funding, and retirement objectives for the primary time in our lives. Clarifying our objectives will assist encourage us to maintain making frugal and sensible monetary choices.

Sam writes: I need to make a profession change however that may imply much less cash for a number of years as I begin out as an apprentice once more. It should take about 2-3 years to make the identical earnings I’ve now, and about 4-5 years to succeed in journeyperson standing and max out the earnings for the commerce. Will probably be value it in the long term, particularly to change to a union job with an employer-matched pension.

Riley needs to finish their MSW which can imply extra scholar debt. Nevertheless, their work will reimburse a portion of the tutoring upon completion of the MSW.

Beginning a Household

We need to have a baby, which implies parental leaves from work and decreased incomes (we need to take near a yr off). The Canadian authorities Employment Insurance coverage (EI) supplies 15 weeks of depart for the mum or dad giving start, and as much as 40 weeks of normal parental advantages that may be break up between each dad and mom (55% of earnings to a max of $650/week).

We’re taking a look at beginning IVF by the tip of the summer time if we’re not pregnant by then; the remedy prices of $5,000-$6,000 could be coated at 80% by Sam’s medical health insurance; the opposite prices could be round $14k. There’s a provincial fertility tax credit score that will return 40% of the price to us; we are able to additionally declare medical bills on our federal taxes however it could reimburse a smaller quantity (the lesser of three% of web earnings, or $2,479). We’ve an unused line of credit score with $10,000 out there to assist with the upfront prices.

Riley’s employer additionally tops up their earnings to 90% (together with the EI profit) for 17 weeks. If Riley turns into pregnant quickly, they’d be at school once they have the newborn. The implications of which can be: the employer top-up could be decreased as a result of it could be 90% of the 80% earnings throughout college. The EI could also be much less relying on the timing; EI takes your finest paid 22 weeks from the final yr to find out the earnings the profit relies on. And we might want some additional assist to permit Riley to complete this system with a new child, and it’s actually laborious to foretell how the postpartum interval will go. However we do have associates who reside close by and household who would be capable to assist quite a bit. If Riley goes again to highschool, tuition will take a few of our financial savings that will in any other case go towards supplementing our earnings throughout parental leaves, and their earnings might be a bit much less throughout college so we might be saving much less throughout that point.

The frenzy to finish the MSW is as a result of beforehand accomplished credit are beginning to stale-date, and must be assessed for foreign money.

If Riley can full the diploma in 2023-24, just a few programs must be re-assessed (and repeated if not discovered to be present). If extra time goes on, extra programs must be assessed. So, it feels just like the final probability to finish this diploma. If not, they may return to highschool to re-do it or do a special grasp’s program someday sooner or later. The motivation is to have extra confidence in making an attempt new roles of their present job and to have extra job choices in the event that they need to make a job change sooner or later.

Retirement Plans

We need to retire as quickly as we are able to. Though realistically, we count on that gained’t be tremendous early based mostly on the place we’re ranging from, however even age 55 or 60 could be good to goal for. We do our greatest to maintain our bills low and reside a frugal way of life.

I suppose that is the place you are available. We’ve so many concepts for ourselves however need assistance creating plans to execute them. We need to do all these items as quickly as doable to extend our incomes, pensions, and employment choices, whereas additionally having a baby quickly as we’re each already 36 and feeling the stress on that entrance too.

Different short-medium time period bills are that our growing old cats may begin to have extra prices, a automobile alternative (hopefully the Mazda can hold in there one other 3-5 years) and dental surgical procedure for Riley (not pressing however within the subsequent 1-2 yrs, about $2,000-$3,000).

We lately purchased a brand new bike for Riley and a second-hand trail-along bike for our nephew for a complete of $900. Riley’s been biking to work and we’ve been taking our nephew on bike rides each weekend.

What’s the very best a part of your present way of life/routine?

We aren’t underneath any main pressures and we reside a reasonably relaxed way of life. We’ve fine-tuned our routines round cooking, chores, and attending to mattress on time. We love having fun with summertime outdoor in our yard gardening, chilling on the entrance porch, tenting, and biking across the metropolis visiting with family and friends. Numerous associates reside in our neighborhood and it’s good and central within the metropolis, straightforward to stroll, bike, and bus to many locations. Plus, a number of automobile co-op (short-term rental) automobiles are situated inside a ten minute stroll, which permits us to stay a one-car family.

Though we don’t have a lot financial savings or a transparent plan for the longer term but, it feels nice to not have an excessive amount of debt hanging over us and the flexibility to have a few of our spending align with our values, reminiscent of buying our meat, eggs, a few of our veggies, and far of our grains/beans from native CSAs. Though rates of interest went up greater than anticipated after we purchased our residence, we have been in a position to change our variable fee mortgage to a hard and fast fee for peace of thoughts, and it nonetheless feels reasonably priced for us. We will see ourselves dwelling right here for a very long time and that feels actually good.

What’s the worst a part of your present way of life/routine?

We really feel some anxiousness after we need or have to enlarge purchases as a result of we don’t have the saving buffer we all know we’d like. We’d like to have the ability to journey a bit extra and go to family and friends in different elements of the nation. We’d prefer to really feel much less monetary stress about purchases that enhance our high quality of life, reminiscent of Riley getting acupuncture and taking some dietary supplements that help their well being, or sending Bisky to doggie daycare as soon as every week so we are able to have a barely much less hectic Saturday with our nephew.

Riley’s bus commute just isn’t best on the coldest winter days however since it’s only twice every week it’s tolerable. Riley’s job will be unpredictable and hectic at instances. Sam doesn’t have trip time however will get trip pay added to every pay cheque, nevertheless it finally ends up getting handled as common earnings and so he not often takes “trip” time. It will be good to take every week or two off collectively a pair instances a yr.

The place Sam and Riley Wish to be in Ten Years:

1) Funds:

• We’d prefer to have sizable, comfy financial savings out there for home repairs/upgrades, emergencies, automobile repairs/alternative, pet emergencies, and so on.
• We’d prefer to improve our kitchen and perhaps improve our outside gear, reminiscent of our cross-country skis and bikes.
• We don’t need to be careworn about anticipated or surprising prices.
• We’d prefer to have a clearer thought of our goal age for retirement and be setting apart more money to permit us to retire doubtlessly forward of receiving our CPP, OAS, and employer pensions at age 65.

2)    Way of life:

• Normally, not too completely different from now.
• Hopefully, we may have a baby who we might be taking to festivals and tenting in the summertime, and doing outside actions like skating and cross-country snowboarding within the winter.
• We’d prefer to journey outdoors our province each 1-2 years to go to family and friends.

3)    Profession:

• Sam must be well-established in a unionized commerce job as a journeyperson. This might imply having trip time and pretty common hours, in addition to rising his earnings by $30k or extra yearly vs. his present earnings.
• Riley could also be content material to remain of their present place as they benefit from the work/office general, the pay is first rate, and there may be nonetheless about $14k left of development on their wage band. Nevertheless, they might want to transfer into extra coverage/administrative work or different sorts of management work of their subject.

Sam and Riley’s Funds

Revenue

Mortgage Particulars

Money owed

Property

Automobiles

Bills

Credit score Playing cards

Anticipated Social Safety & Pensions

Sam and Riley’s Questions for You:

1. 

   Is it financially doable and prudent for Riley to return to finish their MSW this fall, even whereas we try for a child?

2. When is the very best time for Sam to drag the set off on switching careers?
   • Ought to we wait till after having a child/ending parental leaves to maintain his earnings steady till then? What if we aren’t in a position to have a child or it takes some time to conceive?
   • We’re looking forward to Sam to change so he can get to the elevated pay that might be only a few years away, and to be paying right into a pension sooner. However, we’re additionally nervous concerning the short-term earnings lower.
3. The place can we begin to get on monitor with getting a clearer image of our retirement prospects and beginning to work towards them?
   • We haven’t made intentional efforts on this space but since we’ve been centered on saving for the home and paying off debt.
   • Ought to we repay the vitality mortgage (our solely debt with curiosity proper now) or preserve making minimal funds to maintain extra cash out there till we work out college/child/Sam’s profession change?
   • Ought to we preserve saving to our emergency financial savings account till we have now a 3-6 month expense quantity? Then what? Ought to Riley begin making the elective extra 2% contribution to their employer pension – or ought to that additionally wait till after child/college/Sam’s job?
4. We all know we are able to pull in our spending a bit extra, the place would you counsel we attempt to focus our efforts on that entrance?

Liz Frugalwoods’ Suggestions

I commend Sam and Riley for pulling all of this info collectively and taking a pause to iron out their subsequent steps. I believe it’s noteworthy they’re doing the sort of in-depth monetary–and life–evaluation on the precipice of so many potential life modifications. Very effectively finished! Alrighty, let’s soar proper in.

Sam’s Query #1: Is it financially doable and prudent for Riley to return to finish their MSW this fall, even whereas we try for a child?

I’m of a number of minds about this, however what retains popping to the forefront for me is that in the event that they actually need to have a child, they need to simply begin making an attempt. Fertility doesn’t precisely enhance with age–nor does one’s vitality for parenthood–and I’m at all times hesitant to counsel that somebody of their late 30’s delay beginning to attempt. Plus, I don’t assume there’s ever a ‘good’ time to have a child. There are definitely much less optimum moments, however Sam and Riley are in a steady monetary place, have a loving marriage and, most significantly, a robust want to turn out to be dad and mom. What extra may an toddler need?

→My actual questions right here focus on Riley finishing their MSW:

1) Is there a direct, measurable, identified wage improve/superior job place/new profession possibility that’ll turn out to be out there as soon as Riley has an MSW?

It wasn’t clear to me if so. If it’s not the case, why do the MSW? I’m the proud proprietor of a grasp’s diploma that I’ve by no means as soon as used or wanted and I want I’d finished this meticulous calculation earlier than the blood, sweat and tears (LOTS of tears) of going to grad college whereas working full-time. Should you don’t have to do that, why do that to your self? Should you’re not going to see an instantaneous and immediately correlated wage improve, why do it?

However, if there’s a measurable distinction, go for it! It seems like Riley’s accomplished credit will expire in the event that they don’t end the diploma quickly, so it looks as if it could take advantage of sense to complete it now. I’ll say that going to grad college whereas parenting an toddler AND working doesn’t sound tenable (at the very least, to not me), so I warning towards assuming that’ll work. If, nevertheless, Riley can full their MSW earlier than a child is born, that will undoubtedly be a mark in favor of getting began ASAP.

2) How a lot is the monetary burden?

Sam wrote that Riley’s employer would reimburse a portion of tuition after the MSW is completed and that Riley’s earnings would stay the identical throughout college. In mild of that, I’m curious what the precise whole value for the rest of the diploma might be? They’ve the monetary flexibility to pay for this diploma–relying on how a lot it’ll value.

Sam’s Query #2: When is the very best time for Sam to drag the set off on switching careers?

Since there’s a direct pathway to an elevated earnings and extra steady profession path, it looks as if Sam ought to get began on this transition immediately. Whereas it’s not best to make a bunch of modifications without delay, it’s additionally true that there’s no time like the current. Since this can be a years-long course of, delaying it for an “simpler” time doesn’t appear doable. It’s not going to be simpler when you have got an toddler. It’s not going to be simpler when you have got a toddler. It’s not going to get simpler at any near-term future level, so may as effectively dive in now.

To the query on the potential for decreased earnings, the excellent news is that Sam and Riley can handle this by decreasing their bills. Let’s discover how they may make that occur!

Sam’s Query #4: We all know we are able to pull in our spending a bit extra, the place would you counsel we attempt to focus our efforts on that entrance?

Anytime an individual needs to spend much less, I encourage them to outline all of their bills as Mounted, Reduceable or Discretionary:

• Mounted bills are stuff you can’t change. Examples: your mortgage and debt funds.
• Reduceable bills are essential for human survival, however you management how a lot you spend on them. Examples: groceries and gasoline for the automobiles.
• Discretionary bills are issues that may be eradicated completely. Examples: journey, haircuts, consuming out.

Sam & Riley’s present annual take-home pay: $88,870

– Their present annual bills: $73,872

= $14,998

This can be a nice financial savings fee and it’s allowed them to construct their emergency fund again up after shopping for a home. Nevertheless, if Sam’s earnings decreased by greater than that distinction, they’ll want to scale back their bills. The excellent news is that they’ve lots of discretionary line objects, which implies they’ve lots of flexibility in the place/how they make up the distinction.

To be clear, I’m not advocating for this funds or implying that they SHOULD make all of those reductions. Somewhat, it’s an illumination of the room they’ve to scale back their spending if they have to to be able to allow Sam to vary careers, to take parental depart and/or to pay for Riley’s MSW. The purpose of this train is as an example how a lot flexibility they’ve of their month-to-month spending, which is an efficient factor! The place and what they resolve to scale back/get rid of is completely as much as them. This spreadsheet will get them began on figuring out the place they’ll lower.

After they have Sam’s new wage in hand in addition to Riley’s MSW prices and any potential IVF charges, they’ll comb by their bills and resolve what they’d prefer to get rid of or scale back.

Don’t Take On Extra Debt

One factor I warning Sam and Riley towards is taking over debt to cowl any of those upcoming prices. It appears this may occasionally have been a behavior previously and it’s a simple one to fall again into. But it surely’s not sustainable, protected or clever. Riley talked about utilizing a line of credit score for his or her IVF prices and, whereas I don’t know the parameters or rate of interest related to that, I as a substitute encourage them to scale back their spending to be able to pay money for what they want. This brings me to my subsequent suggestion to:

Pay Off The Vitality Mortgage for Central Air

This mortgage is simply $3,828.05, nevertheless it has an rate of interest of seven.7%!!! If Riley and Sam decreased their spending per the above for simply 2.5 months, they’d save up sufficient money to pay this off in full! Simply do it.

Since Riley’s scholar loans in addition to Sam’s RRSP mortgage are at fastened, everlasting 0% rates of interest, there’s no purpose to pay these off forward of schedule. However, it completely is smart to dispense with the vitality mortgage as quickly as doable.

Sam’s Query #3: The place can we begin to get on monitor with getting a clearer image of our retirement prospects and beginning to work towards them?

1) Fill the Emergency Fund First: $16,552

Sam is spot on that they need to first refill their emergency fund to a full three to 6 months value of their spending. Between their three money/checking accounts, they have already got $16,552 saved up, which is fantastic! At their present spending fee of $6,156 per thirty days, they need to goal an emergency fund of $18,468 to $36,936. Nevertheless, in the event that they resolve to scale back their spending, they’ll commensurately scale back their emergency fund whole.

2) Then Save Extra Money

Whereas Sam is appropriate that they need to start to save lots of and make investments extra for retirement, they’re at a real juncture proper now with many potential modifications on the horizon. And one factor that makes modifications simpler? Having a money cushion. Sam and Riley are doubtlessly dealing with:

1. Prices for conceiving a baby
2. Prices related to being pregnant/start/an toddler (they’re notoriously unreliable and costly)
3. Prices for Riley’s MSW
4. Lowered earnings for Sam whereas he alters careers

That’s lots of balls–monetary and in any other case–to have within the air without delay! If it have been me, I’d begin spending quite a bit much less each month and stash that cash in a high-yield financial savings account. That manner, I’d be capable to cope with any and all the above bills.

3) Subsequent, Save for Retirement

As soon as these 4 variables settle out and Sam and Riley have a strong grasp on their new bills and life with their child, they’ll flip their consideration to rising their retirement investments.

I encourage them to not wait too lengthy for this since they’ll need to reap the advantages of remaining invested available in the market for a lot of many years earlier than they should withdraw the cash to reside on in retirement.

Abstract of Suggestions:

1. Decide the monetary foundation for Riley finishing their MSW:
   1. Whether it is certainly going to result in new profession alternatives–and a better wage–go for it and don’t delay so that you simply don’t lose any of your present credit score hours.
   2. If Riley’s profession and wage will stay the identical, think about very fastidiously if it’s well worth the time, stress and expense.

2. 

   If you wish to be dad and mom, get began immediately:

   1. Fertility just isn’t a type of issues that improves with age.
3. Have Sam look into beginning his profession transition coaching now:
   1. No time like the current, particularly in case you are prepared to…
4. Scale back Bills and Save The Money:
   1. You’ve lots of discretionary and reduceable spending classes, which implies you have got lots of choices for decreasing your month-to-month bills.
   2. Trimming right here and there’ll allow you to simply reside on a decreased earnings, refill your emergency fund and have the money to pay for different main bills, reminiscent of IVF.
   3. And keep in mind: you don’t must get rid of/scale back these bills ceaselessly. Only for now as you navigate this transition interval.
5. Repay the Vitality Mortgage:
   1. You could possibly have this paid off in underneath 3 months for those who scale back your spending per the above suggestions.
6. Don’t Tackle Extra Debt:
   1. You might be SO CLOSE to being debt-free (aside from the 0% scholar & RRSP loans and your mortgage). Don’t let your self slip again right into a debt/payoff/debt cycle once more. Save up the cash to pay money for IVF and no matter else you may want.
7. Make investments Extra For Retirement:
   1. As soon as issues have settled down by way of changing into dad and mom, Riley’s MSW and Sam’s profession change, begin saving and investing extra for retirement.
   2. Preserve your more money in money for now as you navigate all of those modifications.
8. Preserve us Posted!
   1. Amongst different issues, we demand child footage.

Okay Frugalwoods nation, what recommendation do you have got for Sam and Riley? We’ll all reply to feedback, so please be at liberty to ask questions!

Would you want your individual Case Research to seem right here on Frugalwoods? Apply to be an on-the-blog Case Research topic right here. Rent me for a personal monetary session right here. Schedule an hourlong or 30-minute name with me, refer a good friend to me right here, schedule a free 15-minute name to be taught extra or e mail me with questions (liz@frugalwoods.com).